The scribe's normal letter "a," derived from a textura rotunda form consisting of two vertical strokes and a crossing stroke. The leftward stroke may curve to the right as it descends and is usually hooked at the bottom; the rightward stroke has a reversed "s-curve," that is, it begins at approximately mid-letter or slightly right of that at the top, curves right and downward, straightens slightly, then hooks right. The left and right strokes frequently do not meet at the head, which is then open. The crossing stroke does not extend beyond the outward edges of the left and right strokes; it usually angles slightly upward to the right. This glyph when it is written large can be mistaken for the scribe's "st" juncture.

A two-lobed letter "a," another form derived from textura rotunda script. It consists of a cursive left stroke that is a backwards "3" shape with slightly sagging (pear-shaped) lobes, joined to a right stroke that is more or less vertical. For a page showing a mixture of this glyph and the one we transcribe as "a," both common in textura rotunda, see Harrison Thompson plate 100, central text. Anglicana may well be an influence in the scribe's writing here, since the two-lobed letter "a" is the usual form in anglicana.

Standard minuscule "b," in a form ultimately derived from textura. The bow does not always meet the ascender at the top, and often forms an acute angle with the ascender at the bottom; the ascender itself frequently leans slightly leftward or sways leftward at the top.

A two-stroke minuscule "c," with straight horizontal head-stroke frequently beginning below the top of the curved left stroke, one source of possible confusion with minuscule "t."

Minuscule uncial-type "d" (i.e. with rounded left-leaning ascender, the whole having a rounded appearance); the ascender barely protrudes above the point where it meets the left stroke that forms the bow of the letter, making the letter almost symmetrical around the vertical axis when it is written separately.

The scribe's normal form of minuscule "e" when written separately. Especially at word-final position (but frequently elsewhere) the right stroke is terminated with a pronounced cross-stroke rising at about a 35 degree angle.

Minuscule "f," similar to tall "s" but with a short horizontal stroke orginating within the vertical stroke; only very rarely does this horizontal become a true "crossing-stroke" by protruding beyond the left edge of the vertical stroke; sometimes, however, it is so short as to be almost swallowed within the vertical stroke.

Minuscule "g" formed like an arabic "8" slanting left about 20 degrees, with a short horizontal line extending rightwards from the upper lobe at the level of the minuscule headline.

The scribe's letter "yogh," which varies in form considerably both in response to environment and with no discernable relation to environment, but which normally has some elements of a number 3 shape. This letter is formally indistinguishable from the letter "z."

The scribe's usual form of the letter "h" when written without juncture. When carefully formed this is composed of an ascender that is almost straight after its left-curved onset and has a slight right serif at the base, with a descender that touches or nearly touches the ascender and that descends straight and vertically (or at most is slightly dished out to the right) after its shoulder, finishing in a narrowing trail somewhere below the baseline.

A variant form of "h," formed as the usual form but with the addition of a thin stroke originating within the shaft of the ascender and angling upwards above the shoulder of the descender at about a 35 degree angle.

A variant form of "h," formed as the usual form but with the addition of a comma-shaped stroke above the right shoulder of that form and usually terminating within the shoulder.

The scribe's usual form of the letter "i," an undotted minim.

The "dotted" variant of letter "i": in reality, the "dot" is a thin straight stroke angled up to the right at approximately a 45 degree angle, originating usually in some proximity to the top of the minim that forms the letter itself, although often quite a distance above.

A long "i." This graph begins at or above the minim headline with a left serif, or occasionally a more pronounced hook, then extends vertically and tapers to a point below the minim baseline, though how far varies considerably. Graphically not often distinguishable from the sign we transcribe as "I," although written smaller than some of those.

The scribe's minuscule "k," composed of a shaft similar to letter "l" (i.e. seriffed or hooked to left at top, seriffed to right at base, of ascender height), with a horizontal (or sometimes more or less drooping) stroke connected to the shaft at about mid-minim height and extending right, with a sometimes angular loop above it and roughly originating and terminating at the point of its intersection with the shaft of the ascender (this loop is often fainter than the rest of the glyph).

The usual minuscule "k," but ornamented with a thin stroke that begins below the serif of the shaft and extends up and right at about a 45 degree angle to the horizontal.

The scribe's usual minuscule "l," drawn as an erect vertical stroke, seriffed or hooked to left at top, seriffed to right at base, of ascender height.

A variant form of letter "l," differing from the usual form because ornamented with a thin stoke that begins slightly below the serif or hook of the shaft and extends rightward and upward at about a 45 degree angle to the horizontal.

A minuscule "m," essentially formed of three minims, though the first is usually (especially when word-initial) taller than the typical minim, often has a more pronounced serif or even hook at its onset, and may extend slightly below the baseline; it may also be spaced further from the following minims than minims are spaced in "n" or "u."

Minuscule "n" composed essentially of two minims. Occasionally, the right minim has a more pronounce serif or hook at top, but essentially this glyph is graphically similar and often identical to the two-minim "u."

Minuscule "o," composed of two more-or-less semi-circular strokes originating near the center-point of the top of the letter and terminating near the centre-point at the base-line. These strokes often tend to straighten, and when the letter is unclosed at top and/or bottom, confusion with minuscule "u" is possible.

We seem to have two separate graphs here, probably both letter-formation errors for regular minuscule "o." The first (39r 22) has an additional 7-shaped stroke at top right, possibly in anticipation of the onset of the following thorn in next word, possibly joined in exemplar; the second (60r 20) is crossed, probably in anticipation of the following "a" (both letters precede the letter "f"). This entity is problematic and may need to be dropped and replaced with paleographic notes about malformed glyphs.

The usual form of "p" when written as a separate letter, this is made from three strokes: a straight horizontal stroke at the minim baseline; a straight vertical stroke extending from the minim headline below the baseline (transecting the horizontal stroke) as a descender; and a right stroke completing the loop of the "p." When carefully formed, this right stroke can originate at the top of the descender and form a belly; more usually, it is straight and vertical or slightly seriffed left at the top, so that the expected loop of the "p" is in fact open at the top.

Cruciform "p," similar to the usual separate form of the letter, but without the right stroke--that is, composed simply of a horizontal stroke at the minim baseline plus a straight vertical stroke extending from the minim headline below the baseline (transecting the horizontal stroke) as a descender. This is the usual form of "p" before the letters "a," "e," and "o," and results from the simplification of what was once juncture with the bows of those vowels. When the following round vowel has its left stroke modified to suggest the belly of the "p," one of the juncture entities "&pa;," "&pe," and "&po;" is used to transcribe the combination.

Minuscule "q," written in two strokes, the left curving to the left and down from near the mid-point of the compartment, then circling to the right at minim baseline, again to about the mid-point; the right stroke is sometimes more less straight and vertical, sometimes also curves from near the mid-point, occasionally has a pronounced hook to the right at the bottom of the stroke, which is not far below the minim baseline. The loop is not necessarily closed at either top or bottom.

Minuscule "r" as usually written, like a modern printed small "r," that is, composed of a minim to which is added a short stroke hooking right at minim headline height.

"Leaning 'r'": the number-2-shaped form of "r," similar to the right side of modern printed capital "R." In this script, "leaning r" is routinely used following "o," and seldom elsewhere.

"Long 's'": the usual form of letter "s" except at word-final position, consisting of an almost straight vertical ascender completed with an additional short stroke giving a top curve to the right and therefore a look at the top similar to modern printed "f," but of course without the crossing stroke.

The word-final form of "s," like modern printed small "s," probably formed with three strokes: the first originating at about the 10 o'clock position and curving up and then horizontally around to the right, usually with a slight dip in the middle; the second starting at the same place and curving right and down to form the lower loop, then terminating at about the 4 o'clock position; the third originating at the bottom, near the 8 o'clock position and curving right and upwards to meet the second stroke--the onset of this stroke can include a serif pointed up and inward towards the second stroke or meeting it mid-letter. Later in the manuscript, the form of this letter undergoes a pronounced change, in that the top horizontal stroke, rather than simply dipping slightly in the middle and terminating more or less directly above the right edge of the bottom bow, dips in a more pronounced way and is extended to the right in a flourish or even loops backwards to above the centre of the letter. Should we be transcribing these more elaborate ones with a separate symbol? So far we are transcribing them as "&s2;".

The scribe's normal form of minuscule "t," about minim height with a horizontal crossing-stroke just below or at the top of the minim-like vertical stroke. Easily confused with the scribe's two-stroke minuscule "c," and often only disambiguated by context or alliteration.

Minuscule letter "thorn," when carefully formed consisting of a straight vertical left stroke that begins below the minim headline with an upward curved hook or thin straight-line serif angling upwards at about 45 degrees, then extends straight downwards to descender length, narrowing slightly (or entirely to a point) as it goes; and a lobe commencing below the top of the left stroke with thin upwards angular segment, that then becomes a pronounced shoulder before descending and narrowing to a slender point as it meets the left stroke near the minim baseline.

Minuscule "u" formed with two minims. Generally indistinguishable on the basis of graphic form alone from minuscule "n," though when the "u" is more carefully formed it can have a clearly open top and a pronounced rightward hook at the base of the left minim.

The scribe's minuscule "v," distinguished from the "u," which is formed from two minims, by its slanted left stroke, which often begins with a hook, frequently has a leftward-convex curve, and in any case forms a rounded base to the glyph at the minim baseline. The right stroke is also usually curved rightward-convex, and meets the left stroke in the rounded base of the glyph. Towards the end of the manuscript, the distinction between "u" and "v" becomes less marked as the left and right strokes of "v" become more minim-like.

Only one of these found so far: a minuscule "v" that is distinguished by the onset of the left side, which is considerably above the usual point and includes a cursive flourish forming a shallow m-shape.

The scribe's normal form of minuscule "w," formed of three strokes of somewhat various form, but usually including a left stroke that is either a shouldered "c"-shape or may also exhibit a reverse curve and more of an "s"-shape; a middle stroke that is within the belly of the "c" or roughly parallel to the "s," and is also "s"-shaped; and a right stroke that is like a small narrow numeral "3" or a little "yogh." Similar to anglicana formata "w": see Malcolm Parkes, English Cursive Book Hands, 1250 - 1500 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980), Plate 6 (ii).

Minuscule "x." When carefully formed and clearly visible, this is like a minuscule letter "r" (the regular form, not the leaning 2-shaped r), but with the addition of a narrow crossing stroke rising to the right at about a 5 degree angle from the horizontal at mid-minim height, and a further narrow hooking stroke added to the bottom left of the vertical stroke.

The scribe's normal form of minuscule "y," composed in the early part of the manuscript of a minim-like left stroke and a right stroke that begins thick and descends right and downward for two to four millimetres, then curves or breaks to a thin stroke descending down and left at about a twenty-degree angle from the vertical, kissing or just missing the left stroke and then extending about a minim length below the minim baseline, sometimes with a small rightward hook to terminate. Towards the end of the manuscript, this rightward hook is exaggerated considerably, and we have been considering whether to record those instances with a different transcription.

I am not convinced that the instances we have transcribed this way all belong together or that any group of them genuinely constitutes a separate glyph. The largest group occurs as the last glyph within the word "my," and to me look like the scribe has simply miscounted the minims in the "m," and terminated the word as "ny," then attempted a recovery with the addition of a further right stroke to the "y," which thus has two descenders. This might be better recorded in paleographic notes.

The scribe's letter "z," which varies in form considerably both in response to environment and with no discernable relation to environment, but which normally has some elements of a number 3 shape. This letter is formally indistinguishable from the letter "yogh," although there is an abruptly angular and nearly vertical form of "z" that occurs as a final glyph in words that end "tz," and that does not occur as "yogh."