Special Collections -- Occasional Paper No. 8

Special Collections

THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY LIBRARIES SPECIAL COLLECTIONS
Occasional Paper No. 8

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is a privilege and a pleasure to acknowledge the donation of the Coutts Collection to the University of Calgary. This is a fitting tribute to the late George B. Coutts and his wife, Alberta, early citizens of Calgary. The generosity of their children, David and Katherine Coutts, is greatly appreciated by the University of Calgary Libraries.

The Collection's strong emphasis on Canadiana reflects the interests of the Coutts family and complements the significant Collections already a part of the Special Collections Division.

Through the support of donors and friends of this library, it is possible for the University of Calgary to aspire to be one of the major Canadian research libraries. We offer these patrons our sincere gratitude for enabling the University to pursue this goal.

Alan H. MacDonald
Director of Libraries

GEORGE BALLENTINE COUTTS:
A SHORT BIOGRAPHY

The Coutts family, consisting of John Coutts, his wife, four sons and two daughters, emigrated to Canada in 1832 from Balmoral, Scotland. They settled permanently in Kent County, Ontario and soon became leading citizens of the area, taking an active role in the political situation. In fact, one son, Alexander, served nearly twenty years in the Municipal Council representing Tilbury East Township and in 1875 was elected the Conservative member for West Kent in the Ontario Legislature. John Coutts, grandson of the first John, was a lawyer in Kent County when he married Katherine Ballentine. Their son, George Ballentine Coutts, was born in Thamesville on February 3, 1886, the eldest of three sons and two daughters.

George attended high school in Chatham and then went to the University of Toronto, graduating in 1907 with a Bachelor's degree in Political Science. During his stay at university he met Agnes Alberta Bastedo, who was studying for a Bachelor's degree in Modern Languages. Alberta, born November 7, 1885, was the elder daughter of Samuel Tovel Bastedo, private secretary to Oliver Mowat. She went on to complete a Master's degree in Modern Languages in 1908 at Toronto.

Upon his graduation, George Coutts began working for the Canada Law Book Company as their western representative. He came to Calgary first in 1909, settling in the city in 1910. Returning to Ontario, he married Alberta on October 12, 1910. The couple returned permanently to Calgary in 1911.

The market for legal material was flourishing in western Canada in the early 20th century and George Coutts decided to take advantage of this fact. Together, he and George Hartley Vincent Burroughs formed Burroughs and company in 1910. With J.D. McAra as printer and J.E.A. MacLeod as solicitor, Burroughs & Co. brought out their first issue of the Western Weekly Reports in the fall of 1911. It was their major publication throughout the history of the firm. In 1927, by mutual consent, Burroughs & Co. was sold to Carswell & Company of Toronto. However, the name of the firm remained unchanged and George Coutts continued to act as Western manager for the company. Coutts went into semi-retirement around 1960, acting in an advisory capacity for the company for another two or three years. About 1963 he retired permanently. He died in Calgary on March 27, 1974.

George Coutts was an active member and one-time president of the Calgary Country Club, with a keen interest in bridge. However, his major committment outside his family and business was the Ranchmen's Club of Calgary. He served as president of the club twice, from 1931 to 1933 and again from 1937 to 1949. During his period of presidency he commissioned three Indian portraits from the late Nicholas de Grandmaison. After completing this commission, Grandmaison also did a portrait of Coutts, which remains in the family. The Ranchmen's Club celebrated its sixtieth anniversary in 1951; the following year, it was decided to compile a history of the club. George Coutts did considerable research and spent much effort in compiling this "delightful work that is a credit to the Club." The history, which covers the period 1891 to 1952, was published in 1953, and served as the basis of much of the Calgary Centennial Celebration edition of the Club history published in 1975.

Coutts and his wife (who died in Calgary November 22, 1961) had two children: David Bastedo and Margaret Katherine, both born in Calgary. Books were always an important part of the family life; George Coutts bought books because he liked them and he read every one that he purchased. Among his favourite authors were Walter Scott and Alfred, Lord Tennyson; David Coutts recalls that his father used to recite by heart many of Scott's poems, especially his favourite The Lay of the Last Minstrel. George Coutts also enjoyed books on travel, particularly those dealing with Canada, biographical works and legal history.

After his death, George Coutts' children decided to donate his large book collection to the University of Calgary Libraries. Many of the titles are now in the circulating collection where others can use and enjoy them as Coutts himself did. A large proportion of the books are now housed in the Special Collections Division; Coutts' discriminating taste led him to select many works that are now collectors' items. All of the books that form the COUTTS COLLECTION reflect the wide-ranging interests of one of Calgary's early citizens and the Collection as a whole once again shows the generosity of individuals to the University of Calgary Libraries.

The First Book Printed at the Moose Press in the Diocese of Rupert's Land

by: Joyce Banks

Between the autumn of 1853 and the spring of 1859, more than twenty books were isued from the mission press at Moose Factory on James Bay. The first of these was a translation into the Moose Cree dialect of portions of the Book of Common Prayer, expressed in syllabic characters, which had been prepared and printed by John Horden, of the Church Missionary Society (CMS), who had been stationed there since August of 1851. This book was to have been printed in London. Horden had sent his manuscript to England in January of 1853, asking that two hundred copies of the Prayer Book be sent to Moose Factory. Other translations expressed in syllabic characters had been lithographed for the missionary in London, and Henry Venn, Secretary of the CMS, had assured David Anderson, Bishop of Rupert's Land, that this book would also be sent to the press as soon as it arrived.1

However, the Committee of Correspondence of the CMS decided at the meeting of February 22, 1853, that a printing press and a fount of syllabic character types should be sent to Horden on the annual Hudson's Bay Company ship which left London for Moose Factory each year during the first week in June.2 The CMS planned to have printed with these types the copies of the Prayer Book requested, to be sent out with the printing press and the fount.3 Despite the good intentions of the Society, Horden's translation was not printed by ship time, although Venn believed the work to have been completed. He wrote to Anderson on June 10, 1853, to inform him that "an edition of the prayer book printed according to the copy he [Horden] sent us" had been sent to Moose Factory.4

Venn wrote to Horden that same day to tell him that the promised edition had not been printed:

When you open your packages you will find the M.S. of your Prayer Book,

and also an uncorrected proof of the first sheet of it, for time did not

permit us to proceed further, or then you should have received a complete

Edition.5

Anderson remained unaware of this situation for some time. He referred to "a large portion of the Prayer-Book in the Syllabic character, as printed at home, but prepared at Moose," in his charge to the clergy of Rupert's Land in 1853, which was printed, unaltered, in London in 1854,6 the year after Horden had received his press.

Horden had served an apprenticeship as a blacksmith, but the Secretaries of the CMS mistakenly believed that he had been trained as a printer because his father had worked at that trade. The printing press, which arrived at Moose Factory in August of 1853, had been sent in pieces, with no manual of instruction to assist the missionary in assembling it. But Horden managed to put it together in October of 1853, when he was preparing the press, types and printing room for his first winter's printing programme. Fortunately, some pages had been composed, and sent out to Moose in chases. This gave Horden "a good insight into that part of the business."7 However, the portion which had been composed contained many errors, and Horden took no impressions from it, choosing instead to re-set the types.

The fount of types supplied was sufficient to set twelve pages to the sheet, but Horden managed to set sixteen pages to the sheet, achieving this by setting twenty-three lines of thirty to the page. He began to set types for the first sheet on November 5, 1853.8 He continued to work throughout that month, and on Saturday, November 26, made the following entry in his journal:

This week I see the first fruits of my labours, and what I have longed to

see for a long time, the first sheet passing through the press. During

the preparation of the types for the press, I had certainly a few

misgivings, lest some little thing or other might present an insuperable

obstacle to my progress, but I now have the happiness and satisfaction of

seeing sheet after sheet emerge from the press in tolerable order . .

Nothing will now I trust prevent me from completing the book. . . .9

Horden had finished printing the second sheet by December 31, 1853. Since the book includes only three sheets of sixteen pages each, this left one sheet to be composed and printed during January 1854. Unfortunately, Horden's journal for the first six months of that year have not survived, so the details of the printing programme for the final weeks of printing the Prayer Book are not known. However, he was able to write to William Knight, a secretary of the CMS, on February 2, 1854, of his satisfaction at completing his first printing task at Moose Factory:

I have now the pleasure of informing you that as far as printing is

concerned, four hundred and fifty copies of the Morning and Evening

Prayer, the Litany, the Prayer for All Conditions of Men, General

Thanksgiving, and the portion of the Nicene Creed, together with a short

prayer to be used on entering, and another on leaving the Church are

entirely completed, the last sheet having worked off on Friday.10

The copy of this book held in the Special Collections Division, University of Calgary Libraries, is a highlight of the Coutts Collection. Hand-sewn and bound in green cloth by Horden himself, it comprises 54 unnumbered pages, including the title-page and some text on the verso of the front cover. The text is entirely in syllabic characters, apart from the imprint on the title-page "Moose C.M.S.S. 1853." The printing is of a remarkably good quality, although a few inky finger-prints were found on this copy and on that held in the Edward E. Ayer Collection at The Newberry Library in Chicago. The types were designed and cast by William Mavor Watts, who was responsible for all exotic types used by the great missionary societies in London. The typeface is called Cree No. 1, English, i.e. 14 point, and was used exclusively at Moose until 1859, when the second edition of the Book of Common Prayer in the Moose Cree dialect was printed by Watts in London.

The lack of numerals was to be a problem in printing other books at Moose, but the lack of roman characters was not. Horden had been advised by Venn to omit Latin titles from his edition of the Prayer Book:

Though there is no objection to their remaining in our English Prayer

Book, there is no reason for transferring them into the translation, and

if the R. C. priests got hold of your version, they might appeal to it as

proving that Latin is, by our own showing, the ecclesiastical language,

and so might perplex your peoples' minds.11

When the second edition of the Book of Common Prayer, which included the whole text except the Psalms, was sent to Moose Factory in 1859, Horden gave copies to the Indians without charge, asking only that they bring to him in exchange their old Prayer Books. He wrote to Venn of this, noting that "the old ones are nearly entirely worn out, the greater part of them by fair usage."12

NOTES

1. Letter from Venn to Anderson. London, March 25, 1852. CMS C.I/MPAC- A79.

2. CMS. Committee Minutes, Vol. 29, p. 307. CMSA G/Cl.

3. Proceedings of the Church Missionary Society ... 1853-1854, p. 183.

4. Letter from Venn to Anderson. London, June 10, 1853. CMS C. I /1 PAC- A76.

5. Letter from Venn to Horden. London, June 10, 1853. CMS C. 1/1 PAC- A76.

6. Anderson, David. A charge delivered to the clergy of Rupert's Land at his triennial visitation in July and December, 1853. London: Hatchard, 1854, p. 35.

7. Letter from Horden to Knight. Moose Fort, February 2, 1854. CMS C.1/0 PAC-A88.

8. Journal of John Horden. September 2 to December 31, 1853. CMS C. I/O PAC-A88.

9. Ibid.

10. op. cit.

11. Letter from Venn to Horden. London, June 10, 1853. CMS C. I /1 PAC- A76.

12. Letter from Horden to Venn. Moose Fort, February 1, 1860. CMS C. I /1 PAC-A89.

THE COUTTS COLLECTION:

A Selected Bibliography

This selected bibliography offers a representative sample of the variety and type of material to be found in the Coutts Collection. There is a strong emphasis on Canadiana with works such as Hawkins's Picture of Quebec (1834) and John Howison's Sketches of Upper Canada (1821). George Coutts, a descendant of both United Empire Loyalists and of Scottish immigrants to Ontario, enjoyed such works as Anna Jameson's Sketches in Canada (1852); The Life and Letters of the Late Hon. Richard Cartwright compiled by Cartwright's nephew, Conway, in 1876; William Kirby's The U.E., a Tale of Upper Canada (1859); Hochelaga by George Warburton (4th ed., 1851) and Catharine Parr Traill's classic The Backwoods of Canada (I838). Travel literature was another interest of Coutts and this is reflected in titles such as Catlin's North American Indians (3rd ed., 1842), Sandford Fleming's England and Canada (1884), Father de Smet's tale of his Voyages aux Montagnes Rocheuses (1844) and Through the Mackenzie Basin (1908) by Charles Mair. Coutts' strong interest in Sir Walter Scott is evident in the many Scott titles in his collection, such as The Lady of the Lake (1810), as well as by several biographies of this famous Scottish author, including one by John Buchan autographed by the Canadian Governor-General. More detailed descriptions of many other works appearing in the following pages will show the range of Coutts' interests.

The books described here have been arranged alphabetically by author, followed by an abbreviated title and the publication date of the specific Coutts copy. The titles are transcribed as they appear on the title pages, with an uppercase initial letter indicating that either the entire word or the initial letter is capitalized. Line endings and signature marks have been omitted in the transcription, as have the collation and binding sizes, due to space restrictions. Abbreviations and terminology are based on Philip Gaskell's A New Introduction to Bibliography (Oxford: Clarendon Press, c 1972) and John Carter's ABC For Book Collectors (London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1972).

Information regarding the author or other distinguishing features of each work follows the bibliographic descriptions. References are made, in some cases, to more detailed accounts which can be consulted in the standard bibliographic works as listed below. Distinguishing traits of the Coutts Collection copy have been noted for the purposes of identification.

BM

British Museum General Catalogue of printed Books to 1955.

London: British Museum, 1963.

Cooke & Holland

Cooke, Alan and Clive Holland. The Exploration

of northern Canada, 500 to 1920, a Chronology. Toronto: The Arctic

History Press, 1978.

DNB

Dictionary of National Biography. Ed. Sir Leslie Stephen and

Sir Sidney Lee. [London]: Oxford University Press, 1950.

Gagnon

Gagnon, Philéas. Essai de Bibliographie

Canadienne. Quebec: L'Auteur, 1875. (Cited by volume and item

number)

Gundy

Gundy, H. Pearson. Book Publishing and Publishers in Canada Before 1900.

Toronto: The Bibliographic Society of Canada, 1965.

Kingsford

Kingsford, William. The Early Bibliography of the

Province of Ontario. Toronto: The Bibliographic Society of Canada,

1965.

Morley

Morley, William F. E. A Bibliographical Study of Major

John Richardson. Toronto: The Bibliographical Society of Canada,

1973. (Cited by item number)

NUC

The National Union Catalog, Pre 1956 Imprints. London:

Mansell, 1968-.

O'Brien

O'Brien, A.H. Haliburton ("Sam Slick"), a Sketch and

Bibliography. 2nd ed. Montreal: Gazette Printing Co., 1909.

Peel

Peel, Bruce Braden. A Bibliography of the Prairie

Provinces to 1953: with Biographical Index. 2nd ed. Toronto:

University of Toronto Press, 1973. (Cited by item number)

Russell

Russell, Norma. A Bibliography of William Cowper to

1837. Oxford: The Oxford Bibliographical Society, 1963. (Cited by

item number)

Story

Story, Norah. The Oxford Companion to Canadian History

and Literature. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1967.

TPL

A bibliography of Canadiana. Ed. Frances M. Staton and

Marie Tremaine. Toronto: Public Library, 1934.

-------. First Supplement. Ed. Gertrude M. Boyle. Toronto:

Public Library, 1959. (Cited by item number)

Wallace

The Macmillan Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Ed. W.

Stewart Wallace. 4th ed. Toronto: Macmillan, 1978.

Wing

Wing, Donald. Short-title Catalogue of Books Printed in

England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, and British America and of English

Books Printed in Other Countries, 1641-1700. New York: Printed for

the Index Society by Columbia University Press, 1945-51. (Cited by item

number)

1. ANBUREY, Thomas. Travels Through the Interior Parts of America. 1791.

Travels Through The Interior Parts of America; In A Series Of Letters. By An Officer. A New Edition. [Greek proverb] Vol. I [11]. London: Printed For William Lane, Leadenhall-Street. MDCCXCI.

References: Cf. TPL 541 1789 ed.
Coutts copy: Vol. I p. 325 misnumbered 352; vol. II p. 96 misnumbered 40. Ink inscription of G.B. Coutts.

Anburey came to North America as a British officer in General Burgoyne's army and was present at the expedition from Canada which culminated in the British surrender at Sarratoga in 1777. This work is in the form of 79 letters written from 1776 to 1781. Anburey attempts to vindicate Burgoyne as well as provide details of the southern campaigns. The folding plans list military encampments and the major battle locations of the American Revolutionary War.

2. ANDERSON, David. The Net in the Bay, or, Journal of a Visit to Moose and Albany. 1854.

The Net In The Bay, Or, Journal of A Visit To Moose And Albany. By The Bishop of Rupert's Land. London: Thomas Hatchard, 187, Piccadilly. 1854.

Verso of t.p. and colophon: London: G.H. Palmer, Savoy street, Strand.
Notes: Publisher's adverts., 36 p. at end.
References: TPL 3228.

Anderson (1814-1855) was a Church of England clergyman and the first bishop of Rupert's Land. He arrived at the Red River Settlement in 1849 and remained there until he resigned his see and returned to England in 1864. He then became vicar of Clifton and chancellor of St. Paul's Cathedral.

This narrative covers the period from June 28 to October 15, 1852 and describes Anderson's journey from Fort Garry to Moose and Albany and his encounters with Horden and others. On July 29th he writes, "I had the Indians assembled .... To see them with their books is novel to me; these are the little paper books, in which Mr. Horden writes out for them in the syllabic character, the Ten Commandments, the Creed, and the Lord's Prayer ... ; and these they copy out and multiply themselves. They keep and prize them much." (p. 93).

3. ANDERSON, David. Notes of the Flood at the Red River. 1852.

Notes Of The Flood At The Red River, 1852. By The Bishop of Rupert's Land. London: Hatchards, Piccadilly.

Notes: Bound by Westleys & Co., London.
References: Peel 145.
Coutts copy: Ink inscription on t.p.: "1849-1864" after "Land"; "(David Anderson)".

These notes were written in diary form and cover the period April 25th to June 12th, 1852. A second edition of this work was published in 1873.

4. BACK, Sir George. Narrative of the Arctic Land Expedition to the Mouth of the Great Fish River and Along the Shores of the Arctic Ocean in the Years 1833, 1834, and 1835. 1836.

Narrative Of The Arctic Land Expedition To The Mouth Of The Great Fish River, And Along The Shores Of The Arctic Ocean, In The Years 1833, 1834, and 1835, By Captain Back, R.N. Commander Of The Expedition. Illustrated By a Map And Plates. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street. MDCCCXXXVI.

References: TPL 1873; Story p.44; Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Vol. X, pp. 26-29.
Coutts copy: Bookplate of the Settle Literary Society inside cover. Ink inscription on front paste-down endpaper: "H. 153. Settle Literary Society To be kept 14 day's".

Back (1796-1878) gained Arctic experience through participation in the Buchan expediton and the two Franklin overland expeditions. He was one of the first competent artists to draw and paint the Arctic. In 1833, Back went on the expedition sent to find the missing Ross expedition of 1828 and to conduct scientific investigations and surveys. He travelled overland from Montreal to the Great Slave Lake, descended the Great Fish River (later renamed Back River) to the Arctic coast and along to Ogle Point. This work, describing the journey, also has valuable appendices on natural history, Hearne's 1769-72 journey, descriptions of the Eskimos and more. A list of subscribers to the expedition is also given.

5. BACON, Nathaniel. An Historicall Discourse of the Uniformity of the Government of England. 1647.

An Historicall Discourse Of The Uniformity Of The Government Of England. The First Part. From the first Times till the Reigne of Edward the third. London, Printed for Mathew Walbancke at Grayes-Inne-Gate. 1647.

Bound with: The Continuation Of An Historicall Discourse, Of The Government Of England, Untill the end of the Reigne of Queene Elizabeth. With a Preface, being a Vindication of the ancient way of Parliaments in England. By Nath: Bacon of Grais-Inne, Esquire. London, Printed by Tho: Roycroft, for Mathew Walbanck, and Henry Twyford, and are to be sold at Grais-Inne Gate, and in Vine Court Middle Temple, 1651.

References: Wing B348, 349.
Coutts copy: p. 283 in first section misnumbered 285; p. 249-56 in second part repeated.

Nathaniel Bacon (1593-1660) was the Puritan son of Edward Bacon, half-brother to Francis Bacon. In 1617 he was called to the bar. An enthusiastic supporter of Parliament, Bacon became member for Cambridge University at the Long Parliament in 1645. He represented Ipswich until his death and also served as an admiralty judge and master of requests.

This work is a constitutional history of England and reveals much hostility to the claims of royal prerogatives and hierarchical order. The 1665 edition was suppressed by the government, and the 1667 edition resulted in the prosecution and subsequent flight of the printer.

6. BEAMISH, North Ludlow. The Discovery of America by the Northmen, in the Tenth Century. 1841

The Discovery Of America By The Northmen In The Tenth Century, With Notices Of The Early Settlements Of The Irish In The Western Hemisphere. By North Ludlow Beamish, Fellow Of The Royal Society, And Member Of The Royal Danish Society Of Northern Antiquaries, Author of the "History of the German Legion," Etc. [Danish quotation by Tegner] London: T. And W. Boone, New Bond Street. 1841.

Colophon: G. Norman, Printer, Maiden Lane, Covent Garden.

This work is an abridged translation of Prof. Carl Christian Rafn's (1795-1884) book Antiquitates Americanae which was first published in Copenhagen in 1837. Rafn's work was very important as it revealed that the eastern coast of North America was discovered and colonized more than 500 years before Columbus.

Beamish's attempt was to "put before the public in a cheap and compendious form those parts . . . [which] were likely to prove most interesting to British readers." (Pref.)

7. BEGG, Alexander. The Creation of Manitoba. 1871.

The Creation of Manitoba; Or, A History of the Red River Troubles. By Alexander Begg. [vignette] Toronto: Hunter, Rose & Company. 1871.

Reference: Cf. Peel 319.

Alexander Begg (1839-1897) arrived in the Red River area in 1867 as a merchant. From 1878 to 1884 he served as deputy treasurer of Manitoba. He also was a C.P.R. immigration agent in England. He is well known for his books on the Canadian Northwest and in particular, for his works on the Red River area.

8. BEGG, Alexander. History of the North-west. 1894-95.

History of the North-west. By Alexander Begg, author of "Dot It Down," "The Creation of Manitoba," "The Great Canadian North-west," etc., etc., etc. Volume I [11, 111] Toronto: Hunter, Rose & Co. 1894 [1894, 1895].

Reference: Peel 1390.
Coutts copy: Some manuscript notes by G.B. Coutts.

This is a standard history of the Canadian north-west, describing the social, political and economic history from fur trade days to the Riel Rebellion. Begg wrote letters to the Toronto Globe advocating a tolerant attitude during the time of the Rebellion.

9. BLENNERHASSETT, Margaret (Agnew). The Widow of the Rock, and Other Poems. 1824.

The Widow Of The Rock, And Other Poems. By A Lady. Ne cherchez point, dan' ce récit, L'esprit, le brillant, 1'eloquence, - Je sens bien plus que Je le pense. (Demoustier.) Montreal, E.V. Sparhawk, Printer. 1824.

References: TPL 1310; Gagnon I 3709; Story p. 644.
Coutts copy: p. viii misnumbered vi; p. 176 misnumbered 156. Ink inscription on title page: Ch. Fredr. Lehné. Wg.

Blennerhasset (1778?-1842) came to Canada from the United States. Her collection of poetry was one of the first such books published in Canada, although it was not a critical success at the time of publication. An extensive review of the work can be found in the 1824 edition of the Canadian Magazine.

10. BLUE, John. Alberta Past and Present. 1924.

Alberta Past And Present Historical And Biographical By John Blue, B.A. Provincial Librarian [vignette of Alberta's coat of arms] Volume I [II, III] Illustrated Chicago, Ill. Pioneer Historical Publishing Co. 1924.

Reference: Peel 2878.

John Blue (1875-1945) was born in Tara, Ont. and educated at the University of Toronto. He became librarian at the Alberta Provincial Library in Edmonton in 1907 and held the position of Provincial Librarian until 1921.

This work is an extremely useful and interesting resource on early Alberta. The first volume is a narrative history, with separate chapters on such topics as the livestock industry. The latter two volumes present biographical sketches of prominent Albertans of the time.

11. BONNYCASTLE, Sir Richard. Canada and the Canadians. 1849.

Canada And The Canadians. By Sir Richard Henry Bonnycastle, Kt., Lieutenant-Colonel Royal Engineers and Militia of Canada West. New Edition. In Two Volumes. Vol. I [II]. London: Henry Colbum, Publisher, Great Marlborough Street. 1849.

Verso of t.p.: F. Shoberl, Jun., Printer to H.R.H. Prince Albert, Rupert St.
References: Cf. TPL 2754; Story p. 84.
Coutts copy: Ink inscription of G. Coutts on front free endpaper.

Bonnycastle (1791-1847) served in British North America in the War of 1812. Later he commanded the engineers in the Canadas from 1837 to 1839 and was knighted for his services during the 1837 Rebellion. After a tour of duty in Newfoundland, he served on the survey of the military road from Halifax to Quebec City in 1844-45 and was later stationed in the Province of Canada. He died in Kingston.

Bonnycastle had a keen interest in the British North American colonies and travelled extensively on his leaves, observing the countryside and people while assessing the opportunities for immigrants. He wrote four books on the colonies. There is some confusion in the listing of these for although each is a distinct work, they are frequently referred to as separate editions of the same work. Canada and the Canadians in 1846 (2 vols., London, 1846), commonly called the second edition, is a record of his travels after his stay in Newfoundland.

12. BOULTON, Charles Arkoll. Reminiscences of the North-West Rebellions. 1886.

Reminiscences Of The North-West Rebellions, With A Record Of The Raising Of Her Majesty's 100th Regiment In Canada, And A Chapter On Canadian Social & Political Life, By Major Boulton, Commanding Boulton's Scouts. "A restlessness in men's minds to be something they are not, or to have something they have not, is the root of all immorality or good." Toronto: Printed by the Grip Printing and Publishing Co. 1886.

Notes: Bound by Davis & Henderson, Toronto.
References: Peel 884; Story p. 88.

Boulton (1841-1899) played an important role in Western Canadian history. He served in the army until 1868 when he travelled to the Red River Settlement. In 1869, he was imprisoned by Riel when he attempted to rescue some prisoners taken during the Rebellion. After the Rebellion, Boulton returned to Ontario but later came back and settled in Manitoba. He raised Boulton's Scouts, which he commanded during the Saskatchewan Rebellion of 1885. Boulton was appointed a Senator in 1889. These reminiscences provide a clear and detailed account of his experiences in both Rebellions.

13. BROOKE, Frances (Moore). The History of Emily Montague. 1769.

The History Of Emily Montague. In Four Volumes. By the Author of Lady Julia Mandeville. -- "A kind indulgent sleep O'er works of length allowably may creep." Horace Vol. I. [II, III, IV] London, Printed for J. Dodsley, in Pall Mall. MDCCLXIX.

Notes: Dedication of the author to Guy Carleton.
References: TPL 425; Story p. 109; Cf. The Eighteenth Century Book-Trade in the British Isles, University of Calgary Libraries, Special Collections Division, Occasional paper no. 6, #39.
Coutts copy: Ink inscription of A.W. Senior.

Frances Brooke (1724-1789), the daughter of a clergyman, married another, John Brooke, who became chaplain of the Garrison of Quebec. Prior to her marriage, Frances wrote under the pseudonym Mary Singleton. Julia Mandeville was published anonymously in 1763; the following year Frances joined her husband in Quebec. The History of Emily Montague, which shows some influence of Richardson (a good friend of Frances') has a conventional romantic plot but includes interesting descriptions of early British rule in Canada and of British perceptions of the colonies.

14. CHAMBERS, Ernest John. The Unexploited West. 1914.

The Unexploited West, a Compilation of all of the authentic information available at the present time as to the Natural Resources Of The Unexploited Regions of Northern Canada By Major Ernest J. Chambers, Corps of Guides, Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod Published under the direction of F.C.C. Lynch, Superintendent of the Railway Lands Branch, Department of the Interior, Hon. W.J. Roche, Minister Ottawa, Printed by J. de L. Tache, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty 1914.

Coutts copy: Ink inscription of G.B. Coutts.

Chambers (1862-1925) served as a correspondent for the Montreal Star during the 1885 Rebellion and was later managing director of the Calgary Herald. At the time this work was published, he was a civil servant for the Canadian government.

15. [CHISHOLME, David]. The Lower-Canada Watchman. 1829.

The Lower-Canada Watchman. Pro Patria. Kingston, U.C. 1829.

Verso of t.p.: James Macfarlane, Printer.
References: TPL 1539; Kingsford #30.
Coutts copy: Bookplate of Henry D. Byng Ink inscription of "Henry Dilles (?) Byng, B.N." [etc.]

Originally published in the Kingston Chronicle in 1828-29, this work consists of a series of ten letters written on the affairs in Lower Canada from a Conservative point of view. They are attributed to David Chisholme (1796?-1842), journalist, author and editor of the Montreal Gazette.

16. CHRISTIE, Robert. A Brief Review of the Political State of Lower Canada. 1818.

A Brief Review Of the Political State of Lower Canada, Since the Conquest of the Colony, To the Present Day. To Which are Added, Memoirs of the Administration Of the Colonial Government Of Lower Canada, By Sir Gordon Drummond, And Sir John Coape Sherbrooke, By Robert Christie. New York: Printed and Published by W.A. Mercein, No. 93 Gold-Street. 1818.

Notes: "Intended as a sequel to ... Military and Naval Operations in the Canadas during the late war, &c." - Pref.
Reference: DNB.
Coutts copy: Author's inscribed copy.

A politician and historian, Christie (1788-1856) is remembered for his strictly impartial historical works containing many important prime documents. Drummond (1772-1854), a professional soldier, was on the administrative staff of Canada from 1808 to 1811 when he was promoted to lieutenant-general. He was active in the War of 1812, winning the Battle of Niagara in 1814. Sherbrooke (1764-1830) was stationed in Nova Scotia in 1784-85, returning to Nova Scotia in 1811 as lieutenant-governor. In 1812, he was appointed captain-general and governor-in-chief in Canada, resigning in 1818 following a stroke.

17. COOK, James. A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean. 1784.

A Voyage To The Pacific Ocean; Undertaken by Command of his Majesty, For Making Discoveries In The Northern Hemisphere: Performed under the Direction of Captains Cook, Clerke, and Gore, In the Years 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779 and 1780. Being a copious, comprehensive, and satisfactory Abridgement of the Voyage Written By Captain James Cook, F.R.S. and Captain James King, LL.D. and F.R.S. Illustrated with Cuts. In Four Volumes. Vol. I [II, III, IV] [vignette of initials] London: Printed for John Stockdale, Scatcherd and Whitaker, John Fielding, and John Hardy. MDCCLXXXIV.

Notes: An abridgement of Captain Cook's Third Voyage.
Reference: BM v. 43, p. 513.
Coutts copy: Ink inscription of Charles Chapman.

Cook (I728-1779), among his other explorations, charted the Pacific Coast of North America as far as the Bering Strait in 1778. He was killed by natives in the Hawaiian Islands on this last voyage he recorded.

18. COWPER, William. Poems. 1817.

Poems By the Late William Cowper, Esq. Of the Inner Temple. Vol. I [II]. [Engraved vignette] Chiswick: Printed by C. Whittingham. Sold by R. Jennings, Poultry, London. 1817.

Reference: Russell #116.
Coutts copy: Ink inscription of Catherine L. Loscombe.

Printed in an edition of 4,000 copies by Charles Whittingham the elder, this work is one of the many Whittingham books known for "their attractive appearance, skilful typography, and the ink which retains its brilliance and definition . . ." (Russell, p. 90). The plate was engraved by Edward Francis Burney (1760-1848), brother of novelist Fanny Bumey, and a well-known engraver in his own right. Whittingham the elder was famed for his printing of wood-engravings.

19. CRAIG, John Roderick. Ranching with Lords and Commons. 1903.

Ranching With Lords And Commons Or Twenty Years On The Range Being a Record Of Actual Facts And Conditions Relating To The Cattle Industry Of The North-West Territories Of Canada; And Comprising The Extraordinary Story Of The Formation And Career Of A Great Cattle Company. By John R. Craig. Illustrated. Printed For The Author By William Briggs Toronto.

Verso of t.p.: Entered ... in the year One Thousand Nine Hundred and Three.
Reference: Peel 1718.
Coutts copy: Inscription of G.B. Coutts.

John Craig, a stock breeder from eastern Canada organized the Oxley Ranch Co. in England in 1881 and was manager until its sale in 1886. This work is basically a history of the company. Craig later became manager of Meadow Creek Land and Ranch Co. for many years and served as president of the North West Livestock and Ranchers' Association for five years.

John Innes, one-time cartoonist for the Calgary Herald, specialized in painting western scenes such as the one on the cover of this volume.

20. CUMBERLAND, Stuart C. The Queen's Highway, From Ocean to Ocean. 1887.

The Queen's Highway From Ocean to Ocean By Stuart Cumberland, F.R.G.S. Chevalier of the Order of Christ, etc. Author of 'Besucher aus dem Jenseits ' 'The Rabbi's Spell' etc. With Numerous Collotype Illustrations And Two Maps London Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington Crown Buildings, 188 Fleet Street 1887 (All rights reserved)

Notes: Printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square, London.
Reference: Peel 1004.

Cumberland was the pseudonym of Australian journalist, Charles Garner, who claimed he was the first newspaperman to describe the new C.P.R. line from west to east.

21. DAVIN, Nicholas Flood. The Irishman In Canada. 1877.

The Irishman In Canada. By Nicholas Flood Davin. [Vignette of publisher's crest, reading: MacLear & Co Toronto] London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Toronto, Ont.: MacLear and Company.

Verso of t.p.: Entered ... in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven ... Entered at Stationers' Hall.
Notes: Hunter, Rose & Co., Printers and Binders, Toronto. Binding features various Irish motifs.
Reference: Story p. 203.
Coutts copy: Embossed stamp on title page: The Reform Club Library.

Davin (1843-1901) worked as a journalist and lawyer in Great Britain and Ontario before coming to Regina in 1883 and establishing the Regina Leader. From 1887 to 1900 he served as a member of the House of Commons. He was a noted spokesman for the needs of the Canadian west.

22. DENT, John Charles. The Last Forty Years: Canada Since the Union of 184 1881.

The Last Forty Years: Canada Since The Union Of 1841. By John Charles Dent. Vol. I [II] "No picture, no history, can present us with the whole truth:...a few slight touches." - Macaulay: Essays on History. Toronto: Published By George Virtue.

Verso t.p.: Entered . . . in the year Eighteen Hundred and Eighty-one . . . C.B. Robinson, Printer, 5 Jordan Street, Toronto.
Note: Binder's tag inside cover: Carswell Co., Limited, Bookbinders, Printers, Law Books, Publishers, etc. Toronto Ont. (It was Carswell that Coutts worked for in Calgary).
Reference: Story p. 210.
Coutts copy: Ink inscription and manuscript notes of G.B. Coutts.

Dent (1841-1888) came to Upper Canada as a child. Although he was called to the bar, he spent most of his career as a journalist. This history is still considered a standard work on the period it covers. The text includes biographical information and short sketches of the leading political figures, concluding with a chapter on literature and journalism.

23. DUFFERIN and AVA, Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, Marquis of. A Yacht Voyage. 1873.

A Yacht Voyage. Letters from High Latitudes; Being Some Account Of A Voyage, In 1856, In The Schooner Yacht "Foam", To Iceland, Jan Mayen, And Spitzbergen. By Lord Dufferin. Governor General Of The Dominion Of Canada. [Vignette of Viking ship] Authorized and copyright edition. Toronto: Adam, Stevenson, and Co., 1873.

Verso of t.p.: Entered . . . in the year 1872.
Notes: Watson and Hazell, Printers, London and Aylesbury. Hunter, Rose & Co., Binders.
Reference: Cf. BM v. 21, p. 315.
Coutts copy: Author's inscribed presentation copy to D.R. Harris, Esq., dated April 1875. Letter to Mr. Harris, dated April 16th, 1875 on Government House, Ottawa, stationary, signed "Dufferin" laid in.

Dufferin (1826-1902) served as Governor General of Canada from 1872 to 1878. He was a great-grandson of Richard Brinsley Sheridan.

24. DURHAM, John George Lambton, Earl of. Report on the Affairs of British North America. 1839.

Report On The Affairs Of British North America, From The Earl Of Durham, Her Majesty's High Commissioner, &c. &c. &c. (Presented By Her Majesty's Command.) Ordered, by The House of Commons, to be Printed, 11 February 1839.

Notes: Parliamentary paper, 1839, no. 3. Bound with Appendices A (a report on clergy reserves, crown lands and emigration, etc.), B (a report on waste lands, printed March 5, 1839), C, D and E. Bound by Canada Law Book Co.
References: TPL 2258; Story p. 236-37.
Coutts copy: Ink inscription of Robt. Shank Atcheson, J.M. Marsh, and Charles Stewart on t.p. Holograph letter dated 6th March 1912 from Arthur Doughty laid in.

Authorship of the report, a landmark in Canadian history, is attributed to Charles Buller, Durham's secretary, with the exception of two paragraphs on church or crown lands composed by Edward Gibbon Wakefield and Richard Davies Hanson. Durham, sent to Canada in 1838 as Governor General to inquire into the Rebellion of 1837, recommended the union of Upper and Lower Canada and the granting of responsible government (except in foreign affairs, trade regulation, constitional change, and land grants).

25. FLEMING, Sir Sandford. Report on Surveys And Preliminary Operations On The Canadian Pacific Railway Up To January 1877. 1877.

Report On Surveys and Preliminary Operations On The Canadian Pacific Railway Up To January 1877. By Sandford Fleming, Engineer in Chief. [Armorial vignette] Ottawa: Printed By MacLean, Roger & Co., Wellington Street. 1877.

Reference: Peel 457.
Coutts copy: Inscribed copy to N. Flueges(?) from Hon. R. Read, 1877, Belleville.

Fleming (1827-1915) was closely associated with the Canadian railway scene. In 1871 he was appointed chief engineer for the Canadian Pacific Railway, retiring in 1880, although he later did a survey of the Kicking Horse Pass route in 1882.

Senator Robert Read (1814-1896) was one-time director of the Grand Junction Railway and a Conservative member of Parliament from 1862 to 1871.

26. FRANKLIN, Sir John. Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea. 1829.

Journey To The Shores Of The Polar Sea, In 1819-20-21-22: With A Brief Account Of The Second Journey In 1825-26-27. By John Franklin, Capt. R.N.F.R.S. And Commander Of The Expedition. Four Vols. -- With Plates. Vol, I. [II, III, IV.] London: John Murray, Albemarle Street. MDCCCXXXIX.

Verso of t.p. and colophon: London: Printed By C. Roworth, Bell Yard, Temple Bar.
References: Clive & Holland p. 151; NUC; Story p. 293-94.
Coutts copy: Ink inscription of W.H. Williams, in v. II, III, IV.

This work is a classic in the annals of travel literature of the Arctic. Franklin (1786-1847) joined the navy in 1800 and helped map the Australian coast. He also served as second in command on Buchan's Arctic voyage and participated in several Arctic expeditions. In 1846 he was sent on an expedition to find the North West Passage but died when the ship was caught in the ice. The other members of this expedition also perished, after setting off overland to find aid.

The narrative of the 1819-22 voyage detailed the overland trek of 5,500 miles from York Factory to the Coppermine River, east to Point Turnagain and back across the Barren Lands. Provisions were scarce due to rivalry between the Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company and many expedition members died. Robert Hood, a naval artist, was murdered during the trek and another member was executed for the crime. The second expedition started from the Mackenzie River in an attempt to rendezvous with Beechey in Alaska, as he came in from the Bering Strait. Dr. Richardson, who accompanied Franklin on this trek, gives a brief account of events in the fourth volume.

27. The Gibbet of Regina. 1886.

The Gibbet of Regina The Truth About Riel Sir John A. MacDonald And His Cabinet Before Public Opinion By One Who Knows [Vignette] New York Thompson & Moreau, Printers and Publishers 51 and 53 Maiden Lane 1886.

Notes: Preface signed: Napoléon Thompson. Also published in French.
Reference: Peel 954.

According to Peel, "One who knows" lived in Manitoba from 1869 to 1874 and was apparently employed in an official capacity. He claimed to have saved Riel from capture during the winter of 1871-72.

28. GREAT BRITAIN. COLONIAL OFFICE. Hudson's Bay Company (Red River Settlement). 1849.

Hudson's Bay Company. (Red River Settlement.) Return to an Address of The Honourable the House of Commons, dated 9 February 1849; - for, "Copies of any Memorials presented to the Colonial Office by Inhabitants of the Red River Settlement, complaining of the Government of the Hudson's Bay Company; of the Instructions given to the Governor-General of Canada for the Investigation of those Complaints; of the Reports of the Officers appointed by Lord Elgin, or by the colonial Office, for the purpose of such Investigation; and of any Correspondence which has passed between the Colonial Office and Hudson's Bay Company, and the Inhabitants of the Red River Settlement respectively, upon the subject of the above Memorial." Colonial Office, 20 April 1849. B. Hawes. (Earl of Lincoln.) Ordered, by the House of Commons, to be printed, 23 April 1849.

Reference: Peel 128.

29. GREAT BRITAIN. PARLIAMENT. 1774. HOUSE OF COMMONS. Debates of the House of Commons in the Year 1774, on the Bill For Making More Effectual Provision for the Government of the Province of Quebec. 1839.

Government Of Canada. Debates Of The House Of Commons In The Year 1774, On The Bill For Making More Effectual Provision For The Government Of The Province Of Quebec. Drawn Up From The Notes Of The Right Honourable Sir Henry Cavendish, Bart., Member For Lostwithiel; Now First Published by J. Wright, Editor Of The Parliamentary History, Etc. With A Map Of Canada, Copied From The Second Edition of Mitchell's Map of North America, Referred To In The Debates. London: Ridgway, Piccadilly. MDCCCXXXIX.

Verso of t.p.: J.L. Cox and Sons, Printers, 75, Great Queen Street, Lincoln's-Inn Fields.
Note: Binder's tag inside cover: Carswell Co, Ltd. Bookbinders Printers, Law Books, Publishers, etc. Toronto, Ont.
Reference: TPL 451; DNB.

Cavendish (1732-1804) was a parliamentary reporter who took verbatim notes in shorthand of the parliamentary sessions he sat in from 1768 to 1774. The manuscripts, in 48 quarto volumes, are in the British Museum. This extraction, made and published by Wright, deals with the debate on the Quebec Act which among other actions, established a governor and an appointed council to govem Quebec. The boundaries of the colony, by this act, included Labrador, the area of Rupert's Land, and southwest to the junction of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers.

30. HAKLUYT, Richard, compiler. Divers Voyages Touching the Discouerie of America. 1582 [Reprinted 1902?].

Divers voyages touching the doscouerie of America, and the Ilands adiacent vnto the same, made first of all by our Englishmen, and afterward by the Frenchmen and Britons: And ceitaine notes of aduertisements for obseruations, necessarie for such as shall heereafter make the like attempt, With two mappes annexed heereunto for the plainer understanding of the whole matter. [Vignette] Imprinted at London for Thomas Woodcocke, dwelling in paules Church-yard, at the signe of the blacke beare. 1582.

Colophon: Imprinted at London at the three Cranes in the Vine-tree, by Thomas Davison, 1582.
Notes: "Only 300 copies of this reprint were made by Sir John Evans" - Stevens (Henry) Son and Stiles, firm, booksellers, London. Rare Americana, no. 1718. Bound in half green morocco with marbled boards by Sangorski & Sutcliffe, London.

Francis Sangorski (1875-1912) and George Sutcliffe (1878-1943) studied under Douglas Cockerell at London's Central School of the Arts and Crafts in 1897 and in 1899 were working for Cockerell in his bindery, Sangorski as a forewarder and Sutcliffe as finisher. In 1901, they established their own firm, still considered one of Britain's leading firms for fine binding. The two became known as craftsmen in swagger bindings and revived the art of incorporating jewels in bindings. Their best known work was the elaborate peacock design, jewel encrusted, copy of The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam which was unfortunately lost in the sinking of the Titanic.

31. HALIBURTON, Thomas Chandler. The Letter Bag of the Great Western. 1840.

The Letter Bag Of The Great Western; Or, Life In a Steamer. Dulce est desipere in loco. By The author Of "The Sayings And Doings Of Samuel Slick." London: Richard Bentley, New Burlington Street, Publisher In Ordinary To Her Majesty. 1840.

Verso of t.p. and colophon: London: Ibotson and Palmer, printers, Savoy Street, Strand.
References: TPL 2371; O'Brien p. 17; Story p. 339.

Haliburton (1796-1865), a native Nova Scotian, was a lawyer and later a Supreme Court Judge. He moved to England in 1856, remaining there as a Member of Parliament until his death. He is best known for his satirical series of works on "Sam Slick". This particular work is a collection of letters supposedly written by passengers on the Great Western steamship. The crude humour and caricatures, attempting to imitate Smollett's Humphrey Clinker, resulted in a poor reception by the critics of the time. References in the text to a London 1838 edition are apparently an error.

32. HARGRAVE, Joseph James. Red River. 1871.

Red River. By Joseph James Hargrave, F.R.G.S. Montreal: Printed For The Author By John Lovell. 1871.

References: Peel 328; Story p. 344.

Hargrave (1841-1894) was born at York Factory, the son of James Hargrave, whose letters appear in the Champlain Society's publications. Joining the Hudson's Bay Company in 1841, Joseph became secretary to his uncle, William MacTavish, governor of Assiniboia in Red River. From 1869 to 1884, Hargrave was active in the fur trade, coming to Fort Edmonton in 1884. He retired in 1889 and died in Montreal. This work is an account of events leading to the Red River Rebellion, based on the letters of Hargrave, Senior. There is also an account of the difficulties encountered in travelling from England to the West.

33. HEAD, Sir Francis Bond. A Narrative. 1839.

A Narrative. By Sir Francis B. Head, Bart. "Quanquam animus miminisse horret, luctuque refugit; Incipiam." London: John Murray, Albemarle Street. MDCCCXXXIX.

Verso t.p. and colophon: London: Printed by William Clowes and Sons, Stamford Street.
Notes: Binding includes gold stamp of rock with British flag and motto: Naught Shall Make Us Rue If England To Itself Do Rest But True.
References: TPL 2275; Story p. 350-51.

Head (1793-1875), a retired officer of the Royal Engineers, was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada in 1835. He resigned in 1837, after sending troops to put down the Rebellion in Lower Canada. He wrote this vindication of his administration after he was blamed in Durham's Report (Item 24) for allowing matters to reach the stage of a Rebellion. Appendix B contains addresses to Head from the various British North America colonial legislatures regarding his resignation.

34. HEALY, William Joseph. Women of Red River. 1923.

Women of Red River Being A Book Written From Thc Recollections Of Women Surviving From The Red River Era By W.J. Healy Provincial Librarian Of Manitoba A Tribute To The Women Of An Earlier Day By The Women's Canadian Club Winnipeg 1923.

Verso of t.p.: Printed And Bound By Bulman Bros. Limited, Winnipeg.
Reference: Peel 2850.

The frontispiece in this work is a coloured wood-print by Walter J. Phillips (Item 41) and the pen and ink sketches by another noted Canadian artist, Charles F. Comfort.

35. HIND, Henry Youle. North-West Territory. 1859.

North-West Territory. Reports Of Progress; Together With A Preliminary And General Report On The Assiniboine And Saskatchewan Exploring Expedition, Made Under Instructions From The Provincial Secretary, Canada. By Henry Youle Hind, M.A. Professor Of Chemistry And Geology In The University of Trinity College, Toronto, In Charge Of The Expedition. Printed by Order of the Legislative Assembly. [Armorial vignette] Toronto: Printed By John Lovell, Corner of Yonge And Melinda Streets. 1859.

Half-Title: Reports on the North-West Territory.
Reference: Peel 211.
Coutts copy: Lacking accompanying volume of photographs. Manuscript note laid in indicates the binding on this volume is from a contemporary volume but is not the original binding. The rebinding was done about 1927 by William Pearce.

The Canadian government engaged Hind (1823-1908) to head the surveying expeditions of 1857-58 which were to look into the possible routes west from Lake Superior for emigrants to the Territory.

36. IRVING, Washington. Astoria. 1836.

Astoria; Or, Enterprise Beyond The Rocky Mountains. By Washington Irving. Author Of "The Sketch Book," "The Alhambra," &c. In Three Volumes. Vol. I [II, III] London: Richard Bentley, New Burlington Street. 1836.

Verso of t.p.: Whiting, Beaufort House, Strand.
Notes: Vol. I, p. 96 misnumbered 86.

Irving's account of John Jacob Astor's attempt to establish the first American settlement on the Pacific coast in 1811 is based extensively on the memoirs of fur traders in the area.

37. JAMES, William. An Inquiry Into the Merits of the Principal Naval Actions Between Great-Britain and the United States. 1816.

An Inquiry Into The Merits Of The Principal Naval Actions, Between Great-Britain and The United States; Comprising An Account Of All British And American Ships Of War, Reciprocally Captured And Destroyed, Since The 18th Of June 1812. By William James. [Vignette] Halifax, N. S. Printed For The Author, By Anthony H. Holland, Acadian Recorder Office. 1816.

Notes: Bound by Hornell, London. Enlarged and published in 1817: see item following.
Reference: TPL 1056.
Coutts copy: p. 8-9 misnumbered 14-15.

In 1812, James was visiting the United States enroute from Jamaica to England, when he was seized as a prisoner when hostilities broke out. He escaped to Halifax and later wrote this work, which contains harsh and uncomplimentary comments regarding the United States navy.

Anthony Holland was a newspaper owner in Halifax and also did some early book publishing in the city.

38. JAMES, William. A Full And Correct Account of the Chief Naval Occurences of the Late War Between Great Britain and the United States of America. 1817.

A Full And Correct Account Of The Chief Naval Occurences Of The Late War Between Great Britain And The United States Of America; Preceded By A Cursory Examination Of The American Accounts Of Their Naval Actions Fought Previous To That Period: To Which Is Added An Appendix; With Plates. By William James. "Truth is always brought to light by time and reflection; while the lie of the day lives by bustle, noise, and precipitation." Murphy's Tacitus, B. ii. 39. London: Printed For T. Egerton, Whitehall. 1817.

Verso of t.p. and colophon: Joyce Gold, Printer, 103, Shoe-lane, London.
Notes: Enlarged from the author's Inquiry Into The Merits of the Principal Naval Actions ... see Item 37.
References: TPL 1057; Gagnon I 1775.

39. JAMES, William. A Full and Correct Account of the Military Occurences of the Late War Between Great Britain and the United States of America. 1818.

A Full And Correct Account Of The Military Occurences Of The Late War Between Great Britain And The United States Of America; With An Appendix, And Plates. By William James, Author Of "A Full And Correct Account Of The Chief Naval Occurences, &c." Alterum alterius auxilio eget, Sallust. In Two Volumes. Vol. I [II] London: Printed For The Author: And Sold By Black, Kingsbury, Parbury, And Allen, Leadenhall- Street; James M. Richardson, Cornhill; John Booth, Duke-Street, Portland- Place; And All Other Booksellers. 1818.

Verso t.p. and colophon: Printed by Joyce Gold, 103, Shoe-Lane, London.
Reference: TPL 1058.
Coutts copy: Pencil inscription of M. Murray. Vol. II, p. 500 misnumbered 590.

40. KANE, Paul. Wanderings of an Artist Among the Indians of North America. 1859.

Wanderings Of An Artist Among The Indians Of North America From Canada To Vancouver's Island And Oregon Through The Hudson's Bay Company's Territory And Back Again. By Paul Kane. London Longman,Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts. 1859. The right of translation is reserved.

Verso of t.p. and colophon: London: Printed by Spottiswoode And Co. New-Street Square.
References: TPL 2911; Peel 212.
Coutts copy: Ink inscription of Jane Isard on half title. Bookstamp of Calgary Public Library t.p. Discard notice signed by Alexander Calhoun laid in. This copy, map bound at p. [1].

Kane (1810-1871) came to Canada from Ireland in 1818-19. After studying art in France and Italy, he spent from June 1845 to October 1848 travelling in the North-West, studying and sketching the Indians he encountered. The resulting paintings, done for George W. Allan who financed the trip, are now in the Royal Ontario Museum. Several other prairie paintings commissioned by the Canadian Government are in Ottawa. This work is based on notes from the daily journal Kane kept during his travels and is augmented with colour plates and black-and-white sketches made at the time.

41. LEACOCK, Stephen Butler. Canada, the Foundations of its Future. 1941.

Canada The Foundations Of Its Future by Stephen Leacock [Vignette of Canadian scenes] illustrated by Canadian Artists Privately Printed In Montreal, Canada MCMXLI.

Verso of t.p.: A Private And Limited Edition.
Notes: Printed by Gazette Printing Company Limited, Montreal, for the House of Seagram.

Leacock (1869-1944), more famous as a humourist, was also a professor of Economics and Political Science. He published extensively in those fields, as well as in the areas of history and biography. The nine artists chosen to illustrate this work were Stanley Royal, Charles W. Jefferys, W.J. Phillips (see Item 34), A. Sheriff Scott, F.H. Varley, H.R. Penigard, James Crockart, T.M Schintz, and Ernst Neumann.

42. MacDONALD, Wilson. Song of the Prairie Land, and Other Poems. 1918.

Song of the Prairie Land and Other Poems by Wilson MacDonald. With an Introduction by Albert E. S. Smythe. Cover design by the author. McClelland, & Stewart Publishers: Toronto.

Verso t.p.: Copyright, Canada, 1918 ... Copyright U.S.A. Warwick Bro's & Rutter, Limited, Printers and Bookbinders, Toronto, Canada.
Reference: Cf. Peel 2629.
Coutts copy: Ink inscription of G.B. Coutts.

MacDonald (1880-1967), an Ontario poet, has been called the "last of the romantic versifiers" (Colombo's Canadian References). This work is his first published collection.

43. McGEE, Thomas D'Arcy. The Poems of Thomas D'Arcy McGee. 1869.

The Poems Of Thomas D'Arcy McGee. With Copious Notes. Also an Introduction and Biographical Sketch, By Mrs. J. Sadlier. I'd rather turn one simple verse ... McGee. Read from some humbler poet ... Longfellow. New York: D. & J. Sadlier & Co., 31 Barclay Street. Boston: -- P.H. Brady, 149 Tremont Street. Montreal: -- Cor. Notre Dame and St. Francis Xavier Street. 1869.

Born in Ireland in 1825, McGee emigrated to the U.S. in 1842 where he joined the staff of the Boston Pilot, an Irish-American newspaper. He became involved with Young Ireland, a political and Celtic revival movement. Moving to Montreal in 1857, McGee was elected to the House of Assembly one year later as an independent favouring reform groups. One of the Fathers of Confederation, he was assassinated on April 7, 1868 for his attempts to discourage the Fenians.

McGee wrote extensively on Ireland and Irish problems in North America. His poetry is clear and competent, with recurring Irish themes. Mary Anne Sadlier, the compiler of this posthumous work, was a family friend.

44. MACKENZIE, Sir Alexander. Voyages From Montreal on the River St. Laurence, through the Continent of North America. 1801.

Voyages From Montreal, On The River St. Laurence, Through The Continent Of North America, To The Frozen And Pacitic Oceans; In The Years 1789 and 1793. With A Preliminary Account Of The Rise, Progress, And Present State Of The Fur Trade Of That Country. Illustrated With Maps. By Alexander Mackenzie, Esq. London: Printed For T. Cadell, Jun. And W. Davies, Strand; Cobbett and Morgan, Pall-Mall; and W. Creech, At Edinburgh. By R. Noble, Old-Bailey. M.DCCC.I.

Notes: Compiled by William Combe from Mackenzie's notes.
References: TPL 658; Peel 25; Story p. 491; Gagnon I 2190.
Coutts copy: Page 219 misnumbered 217. Bookplate of Henry Labouchere on front paste-down end paper. Book label of Theophile Barrois, fils, Libraire, Paris.

Mackenzie (1764-1820) undertook his voyages for the Northwest Company to assist that company in breaking the fur trade monopoly of the Hudson's Bay Company. The first voyage was from Ft. Chipewyan on Lake Athabasca, down what is now the Mackenzie River, to the Arctic Ocean. The second took Mackenzie from Ft. Chipewyan over the Rocky Mountains and down the Peace and Fraser Rivers to the Pacific Ocean. These expeditions were the first made by a white man across the North American continent. This work, detailing the trips, contains the earliest maps of some areas.

45. McLEAN, John. The Indians, Their Manners and Customs. 1889.

The Indians Their Manners And Customs. By John McLean, M.A., Ph.D. (Robin Rustler.) With Eighteen full-page Illustrations. Toronto: Methodist Mission Rooms. 1889.

Verso t.p.: Entered for copyright by William Briggs, Book Steward of the Methodist Book and Publishing House.
Reference: Peel 1114.
Coutts copy: Presentation bookplate: Missionary Society of The Methodist Church. Presented to W.C. Blackstock ...

McLean (1851-1928), a Methodist missionary and author, worked among the Blood Indians near Ft. Macleod from 1880 to 1889; he later served in Saskatchewan and Manitoba.

46. McLEAN, John. James Evans, Inventor of the Syllabic System of the Cree Language. 1890.

James Evans Inventor Of The Syllabic System Of The Cree Language. By John McLean, M.A., Ph.D., (Robin Rustler). Author of "The Indians of Canada: Their Manners and Customs," etc., etc. Toronto: William Briggs, Wesley Buildings. Montreal: C.W. Coates. Halifax, N.S.: S.F. Huestis.

Verso of t.p.: Entered ... in the year one thousand eight hundred and ninety ... by William Briggs, Book Steward of the Methodist Book and Publishing House.
Reference: Peel 1188.
Coutts copy: Ink Inscription: Sir Oliver Mowat K.C.M.G. with the kind regards of the Author Port Arthur - Ont August 28 - 1893.

James Evans (1801-1846) emigrated from England and began teaching in Methodist missions in 1828. He was ordained in 1833. His system of Cree syliabics was devised while he served at Norway House and he published a hymn book in syllabics in 1841. This alphabet is still in use today. Coutt's grandfather, Samuel Tolville Bastedo, was once private secretary to Oliver Mowat.

47. MORRIS, Alexander. The Treaties of Canada With the Indians of Manitoba and the North-West Territories. 1880.

The Treaties Of Canada With The Indians Of Manitoba And The North-West Territories, Including The Negotiations On Which They Were Based, And Other Information Relating Thereto. By The Hon. Alexander Morris, P.C., Late Lieutenant-Govemor of Manitoba, The North-West Territories, And Kee-Wa-Tin. Toronto: Belfords, Clarke & Co., Publishers. MDCCLXXX.

Note: Texts of the treaties are included.
Reference: Peel 544.

Morris (1826-1889), a lawyer and politician, was Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba and the Northwest Territories during the time that Treaties 3 through 7 were signed. Before he left that position, he helped to achieve the federation of the three colleges that formed the University of Manitoba. From 1878 to 1888 he sat in the Ontario Provincial Legislature.

48. MOUNTAIN, George Jehosaphat. The Journal of the Bishop of Montreal. 1845.

The Journal Of The Bishop Of Montreal, During A Visit To The Church Missionary Society's North-West America Mission. To Which Is Added, By The Secretaries, An Appendix, Giving An Account Of The Formation Of The Mission, And Its Progress To The Present Time. London: Seeley, Burnside, and Seeley; Hatchard and Son; Nisbet and Co. MDCCCXLV. Price Four Shillings.

Verso of t.p.: T.C. Johns, Printer, Wine Office Court, Fleet Street.
Note: The appendix was also published separately in London in 1849 under the title: An Historical Notice of the Formation of the Church Missionary Society's North-West America Mission.
References: Peel 112; TPL 2735.
Coutts copy: Errata slip on front paste-down.

Bishop Mountain (1789-1863), appointed Bishop of Montreal in 1836, travelled to the Red River area in 1844, the first Anglican bishop to do so. This work describes his journey of 2,000 miles (a total of 18 days) and discusses the Indian populations of the area.

49. MULVANY, Charles Pelham. The History of the North-West Rebellion of 1885. 1885.

The History Of The North-West Rebellion Of 1885. Comprising A Full And Impartial Account Of The Origin And Progress Of The War, Of The Various Engagements With The Indians And Half-Breeds, Of The Heroic Deeds Performed By Officers And Men, And Of Touching Scenes In The Field, The Camp, And The Cabin; Including A History Of The Indian Tribes Of North Western Canada, Their Numbers, Modes Of Living, Habits, Customs, Religious Rites and Ceremonies, With Thrilling Narratives Of Captures, Imprisonment, Massacres, And Hair-Breadth Escapes Of White Settlers, Etc. By Charles Pelham Mulvaney, A.M., M.D., Formerly of No. 1 Company, Queen's Own Rifles, author of "History of the County of Brant, " "History of Liberalism," etc. assisted by a well-known joumalist. Eighth Thousand. Illustrated With Portraits of Distinguished Officers And Men, Maps, Diagrams And Engravings. Toronto, Ont.: Published by A.H. Hovey & Co., 10 King Street East. 1885.

Reference: Peel 834.

Mulvaney (1835-1885), formerly a surgeon in the Royal Navy, was ordained an Anglican minister in 1872. He wrote extensively in the last few years of his life.
.
50. RANCHMEN'S CLUB, Calgary. The Ranchmen's Club. 1953.

The Ranchmen's Club Calgary 1953 A Slight Historical Sketch, 1891-1952.
Note: Printed by Rous & Mann Press, Toronto.

As mentioned on p. 3 previously, George Coutts wrote this history of the club.

51. RICHARDSON, Major John. Tecumseh. 1828.

Tecumseh; Or, The Warrior Of The West. A Poem, In Four Cantos, With Notes. By An English Officer. London: Printed For R. Glynn, 36, Pall Mail. M.DCC.XXVIII.

Verso of t.p. and colophon: London: James Moyes, Took's Court, Chancery Lane.
References: Morley #48; Story p. 709-10.

Richardson (1796-1852), born in Queenston, U.C., served in the War of 1812 and was taken prisoner in the Battle of Moraviantown in 1813. After the war, he was placed on half-pay and spent considerable time in Europe. In 1838 he returned to Canada as a correspondent for the London Times regarding the 1837 Rebellion; he was dismissed for his praise of Lord Durham (see Item 24) to whom that newspaper was politically opposed. Richardson stayed on in Canada to found, edit and publish several newspapers in Upper Canada. Later he became superintendent of police on the Welland Canal. He went to New York in 1850 and died in poverty there.

Richardson knew Tecumseh well, having served with him in the War of 1812. Tecumseh (1768-1813), a Shawnee chief, was a British ally in the War and was brigadier-general in charge of Indian troops. He was killed by the Americans at the same battle in which Richardson was taken prisoner. This work was one of Richardson's first although there is some dispute over its first publication date owing to the fact that it was published anonymously.

52. RICHARDSON, Sir John. The Polar Regions. 1861.

The Polar Regions By Sir John Richardson, L.L.D. F.R.S. Lond.; Hon. F.R.S. Edin., etc. etc. Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black. 1861.

Verso of t.p. and colophon: Printed by R. and R. Clark, Edinburgh.
Note: "The present work is founded on an article written for the last edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica under the same title" - Pref.
References: Story p. 709; Cf. TPL 3932.
Coutts copy: Map bound at end. Half-title wanting. Bookstamp of Edinburgh Subscription Library.

Richardson (1797-1865), born in Scotland, became a naval surgeon in 1807. He served as surgeon-naturalist on Franklin's Arctic survey of 1819- 22 (see Item 26) and was in charge of the party from the Mackenzie to the Coppermine Rivers during the 1825-27 expedition. In 1848 he commanded the search party for Franklin, but returned to England in 1849 after leaving command to John Rae. Richardson wrote several books on the Arctic. This particular one details the search for Franklin to 1859. It also contains much material on Arctic zoology, botany, ethnology and other aspects of Arctic life.

53. ROBSON, Joseph. An Account of Six Years Residence in Hudson's- Bay. 1752.

An Account Of Six Years Residence In Hudson's-Bay, From 1733 to 1736, and 1744 to 1747. By Joseph Robson, Late Surveyor and Supervisor of the Buildings to the Hudson's-bay Company. Containing a Variety of Facts, Observations, and Discoveries, tending to shew, I. The vast importance of the Countries about Hudson's-Bay to Great-Britain, on Account of the extensive improvements that may be made there in many beneficial Articles of Commerce, particularly in the Furs and in the Whale and Seal Fisheries. And, II. The interested Views of the Hudson's bay Company; and the absolute Necessity of laying open the Trade, and making it the Object of National Encouragment, as the only Method of keeping it out of the Hands of the French. To which is added an Appendix; containing, I. A short History of the Discovery of Hudson's-bay; and of the Proceedings of the English there since the Grant of the Hudson's-bay Charter: Together with Remarks upon the Papers and Evidence produced by that Company before the Comrmttee of the Honourable House of Commons, in the year 1749. II. An Estimate of the Expence of building the Stone fort, called Prince of Wale's-fort, at the extrance of Churchill-river. III. The Soundings of Nelson-River. IV. A Survey of the Course of Nelson-river. V. A Survey of Seal and Gillam's Islands. And, VI. A Journal of the Winds and Tides at Churchill-river, for Part of the Years 1746 and 1747. The Whole illustrated, By a Draught of Nelson and Hayes's Rivers; a Draught of Churchill-River; and Plans of York-Fort, and Prince of Wales's Fort. London: Printed for J. Payne and J. Bouquet in Pater-Noster-Row; Mr. Kincaid, at Edinburgh; Mr. Barry, at Glasgow; and Mr. J. Smith, at Dublin. MDCCLII.

Note: Appendix I based on the unpublished journal of Groseillier's expedition to Hudson's Bay in 1668-69 by ship's captain Zachariah Gillam, etc. - Peel.
References: TPL 217; Peel 12; Story p. 719.
Coutts copy: Ink inscription of Nicholas Garry on first page of publisher's adverts. (Bound at beginning). Armorial bookplate with motto "Nunquam Non Paratus" on paste-down endpaper.

Robson, a stonemason, went to Hudson's Bay in 1733 to help build Fort Prince of Wales at Churchill; he remained to become supervisor of buildings. He returned to England in 1748 to give evidence before the Parliamentary Committee of 1749 reexamining the trade monopoly charter of the Hudson's Bay Company with a view to cancellation. Robson disliked the Company and gave an unfavourable report, condemning the failure to promote fishing, mining, exploration and settlement. This book, one of the earliest and most informative on the area, contains the first use of the well-known phrase disparaging the work of the Hudson's Bay Company: "The sleep by the frozen sea."

Nicholas Garry (1782?-1856), a former owner of the book, was director of the HBC and Fort Garry (Winnipeg) was named for him. Garry is known for the diary of his 1821 voyage to the Hudson's Bay accompanying Simon McGillivray, a partner in the Northwest Company.

54. ROSS, Alexander. The Red River Settlement. 1856.

The Red River Settlement: Its Rise, Progress, and Present State. With Some Account of The Native Races and Its General History, To the Present Day By Alexander Ross, Author of "The Fur-hunters of the Far West," and "Adventures on the Columbia River." London: Smith, Elder and Co., 65, Comhill. 1856.

Note: Preface dated Red River Settlement, 10th June, 1852.
References: TPL 3304; Peel 174; Story pp. 724-25; Gagnon I 3062.

Ross (1783-1856), born in Scotland, came to Upper Canada in 1805 where he taught school. In 1810, he joined the Pacific Fur Company and was present at the building of Ft. Astoria (see Item 36). In 1813 he joined the Northwest Company, remaining after the union with the Hudson's Bay Company until 1825. He was the Red River's first Sheriff and served as a member of council of Assiniboia. This work is an interesting impartial account of the history of the colony from its beginnings to the 1850's. It includes detailed descriptions of activities in the area, such as the buffalo hunt.

55. SCADDING, Henry and John Charles DENT. Toronto: Past and Present. 1884.

1834. Memorial Volume. 1885. Toronto: Past and Present: Historical and Descriptive. A Memorial Volume For The Semi-Centennial Of 1884. By The Rev. Henry Scadding, D. D. Canon Of St. James, Toronto, Author of "Toronto of Old," "The First Bishop of Toronto," And John Charles Dent, Author of "The Last Forty Years," etc. Published by authority of the Citizens' Semi-Centennial Committee. [Armorial vignette of the city of Toronto's coat of arms] Toronto: Hunter, Rose and Company. 1884.

Verso of t.p.: "One thousand and twenty-five copies of this Memorial Volume have been printed for sale, each of which are numbered. No. 634". Printed and Bound By Hunter, Rose & Co., Toronto.
Reference: Wallace.

Scadding (1813-1901), born in England, was the son of a one-time factor to Col. John Graves Simcoe. He came to Canada in 1821 and was ordained in the Anglican priesthood in 1838. After his retirement from church work in 1875, he devoted himself to research and writing. This work, in collaboration with Dent (see Item 22) was one of two such books both bearing the same title, published for the fiftieth anniversary of Toronto. (The other was written by Charles Mulvany, Item 49)

56. SOUTHESK, James Carnegie, Earl of. Saskatchewan and the Rocky Mountains. 1875.

Saskatchewan And The Rocky Mountains. A Diary And Narrative Of Travel, Sport, And Adventure, During A Journey Through The Hudson's Bay Company's Territories, In 1859 and 1860. By The Earl Of Southesk, Kt., F.R.G.S. "Here feel we but the penalty of Adam, . . . I would not change it." - As You Like It, ii. I. With Maps And Illustrations. Edinburgh: Edmonston And Douglas. 1875. [The Right Of Translation Is Reserved.]

Verso of t.p.: Printed by R. & R. Clark.
References: TPL 4019; Cf. Peel 430.
Coutts copy: Bookstamp of G.M. Cox, Bryburgh House, Lochee on front paste-down end paper. Bound by Burn & co.

Southesk (1827-1905), shortly after obtaining an Act of Parliament reversing the attainder of his great-grandfather, a Jacobite supporter, came to Canada in 1859. This narrative is based on his daily journal and covers his trip across Canada to Ft. Garry, Ft. Qu'Appelle, Ft. Edmonton, the Kootenai Plain, Old Bow Fort, Ft. Pelly and his return to eastern Canada. His meetings with Sir George Simpson, Paul Kane (see Item 40) and other renowned characters of the northwest are described and details of the conditions and customs of the Indian tribes are included.

57. [WILCOCKE, Samuel Hull.] A Narrative of Occurences in the Indian Countries of North America. 1817.

A Narrative Of Occurences In The Indian Countries Of North America, Since The Connexion Of The Right Hon. The Earl Of Selkirk With The Hudson's Bay Company, And His Attempt To Establish A Colony On The Red River, With A Detailed Account Of His Lordship's Military Expedition To, And Subsequent Proceedings At Fort William, In Upper Canada. London: Printed by B. McMillan, Bow-Street, Covent-Garden, Printer to His Royal Highness the Prince Regent. Sold By T. Egerton, Whitehall; Nomaville And Fell, New Bond-Street; and J. Richardson, Royal Exchange. 1817.

Colophon: London: Printed by B. McMillan, Bow Street, Covent Garden.
Notes: This work has been attributed to Wilcocke, as well as to Edward Ellice the elder and to Simon McGillivray by TPL and Peel.
References: TPL 1108; Peel 50; Cf. Gagnon I 2940.
Coutts copy: Ink inscription and manuscript note of G.B. Coutts.

This pamphlet was issued anonymously under the direction of the London representatives of the Northwest Company to counter charges of unwarrented aggression and destruction directed towards the Selkirk Settlement. These charges were levelled against the company by John Halkett in 1817 in his volume entitled Statement Respecting the Earl of Selkirk's Settlement of Kildonan. Wilcocke was a hack writer employed by the Northwest Company. The pamphlet presents a brief history of the Selkirk Colony from its founding in 1812, while attempting to justify the actions of the Northwest Company during the period covered.

58. WOLFE, James. General Wolfe's Instruction to Young Officers. 1780.

General Wolfe's Instructions To Young Officers: Also His Orders for a Batallion and an Army. Together With The Orders and Signals used in Embarking and Debarking an Army by Flat-bottom'd Boats, &c. And A Placart to the Canadians. To which is prefixed, The Resolution of the House of Commons for his Monument; and his Character, and the Dates of all his Commissions. Also The Duty of an Adjutant and Quarter Master, &c. The Second Edition. London: Printed for J. Millan, opposite the Admiralty, Whitehall. M DCC LXXX.

References: Cf. TPL 305; Cf. Gagnon I 3726.
Coutts copy: Without plans or plates.

This tribute to Wolfe (1727-1759) was originally published in 1768, nine years after his death. Part I contains Wolfe's orders to his troops stationed in England and Scotland; Part II gives his instructions to the troops at Halifax, Louisbourg, Montmorency, Cape Rouge and Sutherland, in British North America. Upon his arrival at Ile d'Orléans in June 1759, Wolfe issued a placart promising England's assistance to Canadians "even at a time when France, by its weakness, is incapable of assisting them."

The titles for this bibliography were selected and described by Carolyn Ryder, with the assistance of Jan Roseneder.

Joyce Banks, Rare Books and Conservation Librarian, National Library of Canada, contributed the essay on Horden's press at Moose Factory.

The Coutts biography and editing was done by Jan Roseneder.

Photographs: James Peacock.

Special Collections gratefully acknowledges the assistance of David and Katherine Coutts.